Translation is an art through which one gets to know about the history, customs and traditions of a nation, its culture, style of expression, proverbs and similes and metaphors used in the language of that nation. It is said that if there was no art of translation, the world would be a place of dumb people.The advantage of knowing the language of a nation is that it helps in establishing trade, diplomatic and cultural relations with that nation. All the information we have so far about the earlier inspired religions is in the form of translations.The question is how to translate? What are the principles that are important for a ‘translator’?
Translation has been defined by more than one scholar. But the essence of all these definitions is that “declaring the purpose and meaning of a word in its own language is called translation.” Scholars have described different types of translation, including “literal” and “literal”. Literary’, ‘interpretive’ and ‘journalistic or free’ translations are included. Literal Translation: The transfer of words from one language to another language is called ‘literal translation’. Although the benefit of this translation is that the author’s request is fulfilled, but the spirit that the author wants does not remain. A study of history shows that initially ‘literal translation’ was relied upon.Literary translation: Literary translation is actually a translation in which idioms, similes and metaphors are used in such a way that the literary color prevails.
Exegetical translation: In this, a text, passage or paragraph is translated with an explanation. In this a reader is reading the translation with clarity. While translating, the translator takes care to explain the original but not to change the original.Journalistic or Free Translation: Scholars also call it ‘open translation’. This translation will be the easiest and also the most visible. There is no word restriction. It is actually interpreted in the form of ‘meaning’ (without breaking the subject). What happens in this is that the translator interprets a passage and gives its literal meaning. Most of the translations in the market fall under the category of ‘journalistic translation’. Objectives of Translation: There are several objectives of translation, some of which are: • Translation provides basic information about a nation.• Through translation, the awareness of the culture of a nation is gained.• Through translation one gets to know about the ‘Literature’ of a nation.
Use of Idioms in Translation: The most challenging thing a ‘translator’ feels when translating is when he comes across a term. For this, if the translation of this ‘term’ in your language is available in the form of ‘term’, it becomes easier. For example, the term ‘salat’, which has been translated as ‘prayer’ in Persian, has the same meaning, i.e. a specific way of worship. But sometimes it also happens that the translation of this term is not possible in one’s own language, so in this case the translator either writes the word in one’s own language and explains it in parentheses or just explains the term Is.
• First of all, the translator should be passionate and dedicated when translating.• Constantly practice to master the art of translation.• The translator should have complete knowledge of the language. Also know about the history of this language, terms used in it, similes and metaphors etc.• Have complete mastery of your language, that is, the techniques used in the language, have the ability to use them in their specific place.• When translating, it is necessary to have the ‘original’ dictionaries of both languages (i.e. source and own language), in order to reach the original reality of the word i.e. its ‘material root word’. As English to Urdu translation is being done, ‘Oxford oxford’ and ‘Farhang-i Asafia’ and ‘National English Urdu Dictionary (Maqtadra Qaumi Language, Islamabad first published in 1992)’ must be available.• Get information related to the subject you are translating, otherwise just translating this subject will not do justice.
• Before translating the given topic should be read thoroughly once to understand what the writer is trying to say.
It is true that it is not easy to explain the meaning of a language in our own language. When linguists translate, they are actually interpreting. It is certainly difficult to describe the original, but the passion that has been placed on this art not only fulfills its responsibility but also provides convenience for a reader.1. Literal translation, 2. Free translation, 3. Inter-translation of literal and independent, 4. Interpretive Translation 5. Brief translationThe third type of translation is considered preferred.
The translator should provide the following:1-Dictionaries, 2- Glossary of terms, 3. Dictionary of proverbs and sayings, 4. Glossary of synonyms and antonymsDictionaries of specific subjects: jurisprudence, economics, medicine, science, technology, encyclopediasSteps of computer translation: 1. First of all, the translator should read the entire text briefly, so that the subject can be understood. 2. Then study the whole text carefully. 3. After that solve the difficult words and meanings. 4. Then keep the text in front and translate it. 5. After completing the translation, correct the text without putting the text in front and try to create fluency. 6. Finally, revise the translation and correct spelling, grammar, and style errors.
Principles of Translation: 1. The original text should always be in front of the translator. He is bound by the text in every case. 2. The translator has no right to delete, add or modify the original text. 3. It is not appropriate to move the text backwards and forwards for the convenience of translation. 4. If the sentences are complex and long, they can be divided into smaller sentences in translation.5. Whenever possible, the terms should be translated to the nearest meaning and it is better to list them separately. 6. It is better if idioms and proverbs are translated from other language idioms and proverbs, otherwise they should be explained in simple words. 7. The translator must take the help of a custom dictionary. Total reliance on memory is not appropriate. 8. The main task in translation is the correct transmission of ideas, but it is better if the style is fluent, neat and absorbing.
